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Abstract: Object, topic, and purpose of the work. The article considers the issue of the syncretic semantics of the tense form Präsens of the modern German language based on the method of linguistic syncretism. The semantics of Präsens is syncretic at the level of paradigmatics – here, Präsens, along with its primary function “present with relation to the moment of speech”, combines the primary functions of Präteritum and Futur I, namely: “past” and “future” with relation to the moment of speech, which are secondary functions for Präsens. At the level of syntagmatics, the so-called resolution of syncretism occurs; one of the functions syncretized by Präsens in the language system is realized. Its selection and actualization are carried out in a certain context. The aim of the study is to describe linguistic syncretism as a scientific method and to consider the possibility of using it as a way of explicating the hidden semantics of Präsens in the situation of its use in speech. Research methods. The description of the method of linguistic syncretism is preceded by a brief summary of the theory of linguistic syncretism. The method of linguistic syncretism is a set of interrelated and interdependent steps of the method. Considering the object of this work, it does not require the application of all steps of the method. Research results. The application of the linguistic syncretism method to the analysis of text fragments containing the linguistic form under study allows the researcher to conclude that the realization of the primary function of Präsens does not require the obligatory use of special markers of this function. Actualization of the secondary functions of Präsens is possible only in the presence of a special linguistic or extralinguistic context. The functioning of Präsens in the spheres of the past and the future is no coincidence – due to its denotative content, Präsens can denote a “playback” memory and a “pre-experienced” future action, which is beyond the power of Präteritum and Futur I. The scope of results application. The results of the research can be used in the development of the conception of asymmetric dualism of a linguistic sign and in the development of an adequate way of studying and interpreting the corresponding ambivalent relationship between the form and content of the linguistic sign. Conclusion. Linguistic syncretism as a dual category of modern linguistics represents a special type of formal and semantic connection in language and a way of revealing the semantics of a syncretic linguistic sign.

About the author(s) :

Viktoria A. Beresneva

Vyatka State University (Kirov, Russia)

ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6587-1953

Publication Timeline:

Date of receipt: 21.04.2025; date of publication: 31.10.2025

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